Public Administration

Chapter by chapter list Introduction Background Problems of Government Action Program Analysis Conclusion Bibliography Footnotes Introduction For each sovereign state, there is a working government, which is answerable for the organization of the state’s issues. The administration involves the authoritative, official, and the legal. The three arms of the administration have the obligation of dealing with the undertakings of the nation. Be that as it may, each arm of the legislature has isolated and basic job in the motivation behind the government.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on Public Administration: explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The official government for the most part contains the president and bureau priests while the authoritative branch involves the senate and House of Representatives. The legal branch individuals incorporate the Supreme Court and other subordinate government courts. The primary point of the three arms of the administration is to offer governing rules to dodge instances of imposing business model in the organization issues. For example, the enactment has the pivotal job of creation and going of laws that will be relevant to the state. Then again, the legal branch has the essential capacity of hearing cases that challenge enactment or requiring translation of the law made by the enactment. In this sense, there are insignificant odds of open organization imposing business model. This investigation paper looks to investigate the issue of administration in governments1. The presentation of the paper will investigate whether the legislatures recognize what they are doing and all the more along these lines, regardless of whether the residents should confide in their activities. For as far back as years, the interest for gifted administration has been on the ascent with different states taking part in discusses and even war. The expanded journey for real administration is cle ar in the uprisings, in various nations and resistances that surface after a specific government has been in power for quite a while. This investigation paper will have a top to bottom glance at the requirement for administration and not governments. In getting administration, one needs to understand this includes what the legislature does. Administration of a state is a wide subject, which covers different part of the government’s open organization. Aside from what the administration does, administration likewise involves the dynamic procedure. Each choice made by the legislature experiences a given methodology that must draw in the residents of the state. At the point when the administration practices its capacity as specified under the constitution of a state, demonstrations, runs, and made strategies we can term the procedure as governance2. For this situation, administration can't exist without governments or governments can't work without administration. Administration is the procedure through which the administration functions.Advertising Looking for contextual investigation on open organization? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Governments have the job of dealing with the assets of the state by guaranteeing that their evenhanded sharing of the assets in the general public. Under open organization, administration will likewise incorporate the dynamic procedure as far as practicing force and taking other authoritative activities. A great many people relate governments with administration and popular government. This is noteworthy in light of the fact that popular government includes esteeming singular residents paying little mind to their financial and economic wellbeing. Individuals consider governments equitable on the grounds that they have the job of giving residents the best consideration regarding their requirements, prosperity, and desires. Similarly as some other type of the executive s, governments face different difficulties in their organization procedure. This causes individuals to have little trust in their activities and choices. Be that as it may, there is a requirement for residents to have trust in the administration on the grounds that the residents have the duty choosing the political pioneers for office. The overflowing of disappointment and frustration comes in when we choose pioneers basing on an inappropriate and ill-advised grounds. Choosing political pioneers call for picking the best individuals who can be productive in the administration and organization of the state issues. All the more in this way, the fundamental goal of races is with the goal that residents can choose people who will have their requirements on the most fundamental level and guarantee their prosperity is at standard. Therefore, there is no purpose behind having governments without administration and there will be no reason for having administration alone. Issues connected to benevolent administration fluctuate in scope and from country to country. The term convenient administration is comprehensively utilized to show the practices and procedures that underwrite upgraded working of the administration instrument. There are extraordinary attributes, which portray the systems by which different exercises associated with administration are completed. The accompanying eight attributes are the main markers of sound administration in any state organization. Value and comprehensiveness, responsibility, investment, and agreement direction structure the characteristics of excellent administration. Also, we have viability and effectiveness, rule of law, responsiveness, and transparencyAdvertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Public Administration: explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More . In the occasion, the above characteristics need a given government, at that point there is no calculable administration and the stateâ€⠄¢s residents will revolt their organization. It is essential for residents to guarantee that their legislature has the above characteristics all together for their necessities and prosperity to be provided food for completely. Foundation The worry of improvement organization is the manner by which considerations and components of general organization can be utilized as components of social and budgetary headway. Open, authoritative lifestyle is changing to be increasingly adaptable, critical thinking, creative, and venturesome. The adjustment in open organization happens basically in the thoughts and components that are answerable for the different exercises. In the cutting edge open organization, the attention is on the procedures of the various usage and all the more in this way, how the concerned gatherings will get and feel about the data. The new thoughts and instruments take a gander at the procedures of activities and these will greatly affect the money related and social im provement of the important association. Social and financial advancements are the foremost worries of people and open organization ought to consistently endeavor to accomplish these desires. Social improvement is similarly a wide subject that includes diverse and multifaceted wonder. In this angle, there are both inner and outer components influencing the improvement of social change. The open organization thoughts and system will affect the ecological, biotic, social, segment, ideological, and mechanical elements. Legitimate open organization thoughts and instruments will positively affect the above parts of life thus the society’s contentment3. In the previous years, the conventional wonders of open organization were proficiency, planning, adequacy, and regulatory methods. The improvement organization is like the customary open organization. In any case, its interests are the means by which the administration executes its principles, standards, and arrangements. The two kin ds of organization shift in their targets, multifaceted nature, and extension. Conventional open organization needed consistency the execution of activities and procedures. The significant highlights of customary open organization incorporate restraining infrastructure of administration arrangement by an administration arrangement of organization. This imposing business model negatively affected the usage of the governments’ standards, rules, and policies.Advertising Searching for contextual analysis on open organization? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Besides, the conventional open organization prompted bureaucratic organizations with a solid bowed on control by rules and rules. The similitude in the new open organization comes at the arrangement and advancement on proficient benefits premise. The current society is excited about the presentation of its political pioneers and with the end goal for this to be conceivable, the chosen heads must be proficient. A developing society of selecting and choosing proficient pioneers is representative of people’s requirement for appropriate administration. Both customary and new organizations have away from of power and purviews that is a fundamental component in administration. The advancement organization is the term that normally depicts the way a country’s government acts to have the option to advance in the improvement by accomplishing certain objectives. As indicated by its definition, improvement organization is activity situated objective arranged, and change arranged. The implementers of improvement organization propose that the procedure centers around plans, arrangements, projects, and ventures. This emphasis gets persuasive on state building and financial improvement. Also, use of advancement organization targets accomplishing financial goals through the ability and capability of government employees. In the previous years, conventionalist way to deal with open organization made postponement, inflexibility, and tarrying among law executions and makers. Improvement way to deal with state issues guarantees that the change center is towards a characterized course. There are different reasons, which make advancement organization more positive than the conventionalist way to deal with organization. Eminent is that each advancement activities have a goal to accomplish in a characterized period and with dispensed assets. The accomplishment of these goals ought to similarly be trailed by appro

Abacus in the world Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math device on the planet - Research Paper Example mechanical edge containing a few bars on which are mounted wooden dabs which can be slid physically into various positions and mixes to speak to numbers† (188). Materials used to make early math devices in various districts shifted. For instance, among the Maya and Aztec individuals of Mesoamerica, maize pieces strung on strings were utilized rather than dots, while the Inca individuals who lived in Peru hundreds of years back had a math device that was comprised of a â€Å"tray with compartments that were masterminded in lines in which counters were moved so as to make calculations† (Keoke and Porterfield 1). The math device began from the Middle East a huge number of years prior. Jain attests that its advancement occurred in 3000 B.C. (7). Sweetheart brings up that â€Å"the word seems to originate from the Hebrew á ºÅ¡bá ºÅ¡q (dust) or the Phoenician abak (sand) by means of the Greek abax, which alludes to a little plate secured with sand to hold the rocks steady† (3). Throughout the hundreds of years, there have been various sorts of math devices. The primary sort was called suanpan and was utilized in China in 1300 (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney 349). There is no understanding in regards to who concocted this kind of math device yet it is that trusted it was the Chinese, Japanese or Koreans. Barnes-Svarney and Svarney avow that â€Å"although vendors utilized this sort of math device for standard expansion and deduction tasks, it could likewise be utilized to decide square and 3D square underlying foundations of numbers† (349). The other sort of math device was the soroba n or the Japanese math device. Aside from the way that it did not have a dot in the upper and lower deck of each segment, it was fundamentally the same as the Chinese math device. The Roman math device additionally had one dot lacking from the upper and lower deck of each segment making it fundamentally the same as the Japanese math device. As per Barnes-Svarney and Svarney, â€Å"the Russians likewise have their own rendition of a math device; it utilizes ten dots on each wire, and a solitary deck† (349). To isolate the two wires, a wire with less globules is

Goodnight Moon

Goodnight Moon It is currently 5:26am and even though I really truly definitely positively absolutely should be asleep right now, I’m not. I know that classes start tomorrow (or I guess today, if we are being technical about it) and I really ought to be well-rested if I want to be up and ready to stuff my brain full of knowledge by 10:05am. Unfortunately, what I ought to do and what I have apparently ended up doing have failed miserably at coordinating themselves. I am no stranger to staying up late, but usually, my late nights are precipitated by something concrete and urgent: a pset, an exam, or the occasional deep, probing conversation about life, the universe, and everything. If it were up to me, I’d sleep at least 9 hours every night with a mid-afternoon nap to boot, but sometimes, I don’t really have a choice and so I’ve gotten pretty good at chugging along and getting my work done despite drooping eyelids and an intense desire to cocoon myself in a swathe of green bedsheets. But tonight is different. Tonight I have a choice. I mean, school hasn’t even started yet so I have no psets, no exams, no pressing extracurricular obligations, and no one even awake with whom to have a deep, probing conversation about life, the universe, and everything. My roommate and I finished preliminary work on our ambitious wall-sized room decoration at midnight and after she went to sleep, I didn’t really have much else that required my immediate attention. Instead of sleeping, I watched some Spanish-language television dramas on Netflix to brush up on my Spanish, googled instructions for how to make a 3-D cardboard sculpture because I was bored, then settled down to write this blogpost. There is nothing concrete or urgent preventing me from going to sleep, but after some introspection, I have come to realize that there is indeed something else keeping me up: Tonight is the last night before the last first day of my time here at MIT. To put that in less words: tomorrow, I’ll officially be a senior. That means just one more year left at this esteemed institution that is now just as much my home as is my house back in California. I remember being gently startled the first time I referred to MIT as “home” freshman spring. At the time, it had felt too soon, almost as if I were betraying the sanctity of my “real home” with this transference of labels. But what does “home” really mean anyway? You might be thinking, how trite and cliché of you, Krystal, to be comparing your school to a home. Cue eye-roll. I have been thinking about this actually for the last few years, perhaps in an effort to alleviate the dissonance in my mind every time I accidentally referred to MIT as “home”, and I came to a conclusion of sorts after the discovery of one of my favorite quotes: “Where we love is home â€" home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts.” Oliver Wendell Holmes As I began to better understand what it means for a place to be “home”, I came to use the word freely and surely and without hesitation when I talked about MIT. But before I continue, I want to be clear about one thing: I have had some pretty miserable experiences here, and I will not pretend that I love everything about it. The truth is, there exists no home and no place and no thing that is perfect. I love MIT in the way that you might love the gym. You go in all excited to be healthy and exercising and then you start working so hard you sometimes feel a little sick and your muscles are literally shredded up and everything hurts. But at the end of the day when you leave, even though your limbs still feel like Jello, you also feel pretty darn good about what you’ve achieved and you’re undoubtedly and indisputably leaving stronger than when you first came in. Its a time-dependent love-hate relationship; sometimes its good and sometimes its bad. It’s in that sort of way that I love the people and the campus and the classes that make up the whole MIT experience. I’ve poured my heart into building my life here at school and so there really can be no word for it other than “home”. My mind has been wide-awake and buzzing now for quite some time with so many half-formed thoughts, some about the nuts and bolts of my upcoming class schedule, some about how terrible I’m going to feel tomorrow due to sleep deprivation, and some about my nebulous perspectives and thoughts on what it will be like to be a senior. Before I close my eyes and finally go to sleep, I can’t help but take another look around the place I have called home for the last two years (yup, this will be my third year living in the exact same dorm room and my fourth year living on the same floor). In the Maseeh floor 2 dorm room, there is a desk. And a lamp. And a carpet. And a pillow. And some glasses and cups. And a pile of snacks. And a blue backpack. And a west-ward facing window. And a ring. Goodnight room. Goodnight moon. Goodnight generic dormitory desk where I have worked and played and laughed and cried and eaten and lived these last three years. Goodnight vaguely green fluorescent lamp that has dutifully illuminated my psets and cheat sheets and doodles in the wee hours of the night. Goodnight teal area carpet that we bought last year to make the bare white floor of our room more home-y and that is great for lying on when you’re really pooped from life and just need a break. Goodnight throw pillow with a polar bear wearing sunglasses on it that was a dorm-warming gift from an awesome friend and that has probably been sat upon by a great collection of butts belonging to the also awesome friends and visitors that hang out in our room. Goodnight tiny collection of glasses and cups that I have hoarded over the years from different clubs and events (MedLinks, CSC Chinese new year banquet, Class of 2017 ring delivery, etc.) that I never actually use except for this one shot glass that I use to store loose rubber bands in. Goodnight pile of snacks on the window sill that provide sustenance and amusement, some purchased here from Trader Joe’s or Shaw’s, some picked up for free at a random event on campus, and some sent in care packages from family that we miss every day. Goodnight blue backpack that I may or may not have spilled hot chocolate on while I was rushing through the infinite on the way home last spring but that has never failed to carry all of my stuff, both the useful (e.g. notebooks and pens) and the entirely useless (e.g. an alpaca on a keychain and a used tram ticket from Hong Kong). Goodnight sliver of Massachusetts Avenue that I can see out my window and that I have crossed every single day through sunshine and snowstorms for the last three years on my way to class. Goodnight brass rat that spends most of its time in a box in my desk because I always forget to put it on but that I will carry with me always as a reminder of all of ups and downs and swirly-twisty bits that are all part of this four-year journey. Goodnight stars. Goodnight air. Goodnight night noises everywhere. When I wake up, it will officially by my last first day at MIT. Maybe I’m not ready to say goodnight because I’m not quite ready to say goodbye to it all. If I never go to sleep, then the last night before the last first day never has to end. And if the last night before the last first day never ends, then the last first day will never come and I will never have to face the beginning of the end. Sigh. If only. Apparently, in addition to getting really hungry, I also get really sappy and sentimental once I pass the 5am mark. Anyway, I think I shall go curl myself up into a ball now and get at least a few hours of sleep. That’s better than nothing, right? Plus my writing is beginning to lose all sense of cohesion so I should probably stop while Im ahead. Considering that, I apologize in advance if there are any typos. I’m planning on reviewing this all again tomorrow, but I wanted to get this rambling post out first at a chronologically relevant time. Ok. Bye.

A Brief Note On The And Nursing Care - 926 Words

Definition Telenursing is defined as the delivery, management, and coordination of care and services provided via telecommunications technology within the domain of nursing (American Association of Ambulatory Care Nursing, 2004). The terms â€Å"telehealth nursing,† â€Å"telenursing,† are used interchangeably. To illustrate telehealth nursing the terms â€Å"home telehealth nursing† and â€Å"telehomecare nursing† are expressions having the same meaning. Both of these terms describe using technology and advancements in healthcare in the homecare setting, in order to deliver nursing care remotely. Background Telenursing dates back to the 1970s when hospital caregivers reached out to offsite experts for consultation. Due to a lack of technology this type of consultation was done primarily by phone. Nurses who engaged in telenursing practice today assess, plan, intervene, and evaluate the outcomes of nursing care. They do this using technologies such as the internet, computers, telephones, digital assessment tools, and telemonitoring equipment. Patients are responsible for their own health care at home once they leave a provider s office or a hospital. Most patients often do not follow the prescribed treatment plan prescribed by their physician or provider. This may be due to several factors such as a miscommunication or misunderstanding of the treatment plan, lack of availability to facilities needed for the treatment plan, or a difficult course of therapy that the patient cannotShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Nursing And Self Care1131 Words   |  5 Pages Nursing and Self Care Leslie Hunter University of Central Missouri â€Æ' Nursing and Self Care Introduction On the front page of the American Nurses Association’s webpage, you see their complete definition of what being a professional nurse is, â€Å"Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communitiesRead MoreBiography of Dorothea Orem920 Words   |  4 Pagestext, I come up with a brief biography about Dorothea Orem. I also give my reason for settling on her as a subject in my discussion. In the papers second section, I discuss my leadership qualities and my leadership plans for the future. Dorothea Orem: A Brief Biography Dorothea Orem according to Sitzman and Eichelberger (2011) was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1914. She graduated from Baltimores Seaton High School in 1931 and soon after enrolled for a diploma in nursing. As Sitzman and EichelbergerRead MoreConceptual Model of Nursing596 Words   |  3 PagesCONCEPTUAL MODEL OF NURSING Wendy Davis GRAND CANYON UNIVERSITY NRS 430V Melissa Britt May 4, 2016 FLORENCE NIGHTINGALES CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF NURSING Florence Nightingale conceptualized disease as a reparative process and described the nurse’s role as manipulating the environment to facilitate and encourage this process. Her directions regarding ventilation, warmth, light, diet cleanliness, variety and noise are discussed in her classic textbook (Notes on Nursing), first published inRead MoreNurses And Midwives Are The Largest Group Of Health Workers1446 Words   |  6 Pagespreventive, curative, rehabilitative and supportive care to individuals, families and groups (World Health Organization 2006). Modern day nursing embraces growing technology, theoretical advancements and increasing accountability (Mason and Whitehead 2003). Their adequate representation and utilization in the health care system is very crucial to achieve the results for the services that are rendered in the community. However given that the nursing practice is profoundly dependent on the health policiesRead MoreMy Letter : My Personal Definition Of Nur sing Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesMy Calling in Life: Nursing My intent is to inform the reader what my personal definition of nursing is along with my personal goals as a nurse and the contributions I plan to make. I also aim to discuss why nursing is a profession and how the concept of caring fits into nursing. Another objective is to discuss two significant nursing theorists to whom I can relate. Nursing Definition and Why it is Unique The American Nurses Association[ANA] (2003, p.6) defines nursing as â€Å"the protectionRead MoreHow Technology Changed The Delivery Of Nursing Care887 Words   |  4 Pages Technology has never been more evolving in health care than it is today. Almost all health care providers are electronic which allows for fast and easy patient care. Access to health care is now even accessible to patients themselves which allows for patient privacy to be obtained as well as easy access. Current technological trend in health care are electronically medical records. â€Å"An EMR contains the standard medical and clinical data gathered in one provider’s office. Electronic health recordsRead MoreA Career as a Nursing Assistant850 Words   |  4 Pagesto Understand: A Career as a Nursing Assistant Have you ever asked the question who takes care of my grandparents or parents while they’re in a nursing home or hospital? Do you have an interest in making someone’s life easier by helping them with simple life tasks? If you have ever been interested in helping someone, then becoming a nursing assistant is the right job for you. The definition of a nursing assistant is â€Å"A person who has completed a brief health care training program and who providesRead MoreCulturally Competent Nursing Essay711 Words   |  3 PagesWith the large increase multicultural population in the United States, nurses encounter patients with differences in healthcare beliefs, values and customs. To provide adequate nursing care, nurses must be aware of these differences. They must respect and acknowledge the patient’s culture. To do this, nurses need education on cultural competence to ensure patient satisfaction and better patient outcomes. According to Migration Policy institute, the Census Bureaus 2009 American Community SurveyRead MoreCase Method And Total Patient Care1283 Words   |  6 Pages Valdosta State University School of Nursing Nursing 4203 September 15th, 2014 Ms. Youmans 1. Case Method or total patient care is the primeval technique of delivering care to a patient. The principle of the case method is that one nurse is accountable for the complete care for one patient throughout work timeRead More Dorothea Dix Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesWright, Linus Pauling, Adlai Stevenson, e.e. cummings and Pete Seeger. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;http://www.ana.org/hof/dixxdl.htm. This website for the American Nursing Association gives a very brief overview of Dix, relating to her induction into the ANA Hall of Fame in 1976. It notes that although she had no formal nursing training, she was appointed superintendent of the female nurses of the Army during the Civil War. It comments on how her tireless efforts led to the recruitment of more

The Lesbian Experience Of The Early And Mid Twentieth...

The Lesbian experience in the early and mid-twentieth century seemed to be more obscured than the queer male subcultures. For many lesbians of the early and mid-twentieth century, to live as a queer woman and to still maintain social respectability meant that lesbians often had to live in the closet. I believe that that lesbian subculture was unknown and ignored because it was impossible for women to claim their identity as a lesbian; they were frequently viewed from the outside as sick, confused, or sinful and no one would want to be considered one. Being a lesbian woman in the streets was unsafe for them, as they were vulnerable to be followed and harassed by men. Finally, in this era working-class women were working more and had to keep silent about their sexual identity because it could cost losing their jobs. Although, by the 1920’s there were already a few established communities of women who identified themselves as lesbians, in places such as Salt Lake City, San Francisco, and New York. Few women, regardless of their sexual experiences, became part of this newly lesbian community. For instance, Faderman mentioned, that in small towns, heterosexuals seemed oblivious that homosexuals even existed; therefore, a woman that was not yet married was known as a spinster, who is an unmarried woman, typically an older woman beyond the usual age for marriage (63). Lesbians living in larger cities found an existence that extended beyond the home and into the bar. These spacesShow MoreRelatedTrans And Transgender : An Umbrella Term931 Words   |  4 Pageshatred and even violence against their person (CMHA). These individuals may experience multiple forms of marginalization. From an intersectional approach, which arose from feminist scholarship, and emerged from the amalgamation of womenâ €™s studies and race and ethnic studies (Thornton Dill, Bonnie, and Marla H. Kohlman. 2011), they argue that gender, race and class are â€Å"intersecting oppressions†. An individual’s experience, shaped at the same time by their sexual orientation, racialization, genderRead MoreAnalysis Of Farewell My Concubine And The King And The Clown 1653 Words   |  7 Pageshomosexuality. Judith Butler explained that gender is represented as a stylized repetition of acts or imitation. She described the categories of sexuality and gender as a form of performativity (Butler 1996, 368). This essay will explore and examine the experience of gender identity via the exploration of case studies in two distinct socio-cultural contexts. This essay will be focusing on two countries, China and South Korea. This essay will look at the insights of the two films, â€Å"Farewell my Concubine† directedRead MorePlayboy : The Cultural Impact Of Playboy1430 Words   |  6 Pages A mid-October surprise greeted print media with the announcement that Playboy magazine would no longer feature nude women. CEO Scott Flanders noted â€Å"You re now one click away from every sex act imaginable for free. And so it s just passà © at this juncture.† The magazine will continue to picture women in provocative poses; the running joke that men read Playboy â€Å"for the articles† will now carry more credence as the magazine attempts to compete with the likes of Vice. Playboy is struggling. DistributionRead More It’s Time to Include Gays and Lesbians in Our Study of Literature2601 Words   |  11 Pagesa group has been astonishing. It is not possible to guess how exactly we will grow from our experiences in the years ahead, but it is possible to predict that growth will continue, one way or another. A diverse and strong global community has been established.(Clark 60) Dr. Don Clark, clinical psychologist and university professor, boldly expresses his views on the changing nature of the gay and lesbian community in his text, Loving Someone Gay. Clark describes how far gay people have advancedRead MoreBlack Feminism : A Profound Effect On Society s History3616 Words   |  15 Pagesinfluence popular culture by its presence and by its persistent demands to be recognized as the official voice of all women. Black feminism nowadays is somewhat based off of things that are seen through the eyes of poor women, women of immigration, and lesbian women. The struggle of black feminist comes from black women not only being equal to black men but being equal to men period. Although there were many other struggles occurring during this time such as integration, segregation, and equal rights. 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Racism And Hate Crime - 891 Words

Racism occurs when one ethnic group or race discriminates, dominates, excludes or attempts to eliminate a different race based on the belief that one’s own race is superior. It has been one of the most common issues in humanity. racism is the root of hate crime. Racism has been around since before the United States of America was established. Although historical events such as slavery, Columbus discovering the Americas, the tragic Holocaust led by Hitler and the 911 terrorist attacks have all been influential to racism and hate crime the most important and recent cause of the rise of hate crime in the United States has been the election of Donald Trump as president. Their is no doubt at all that the arrival of slaves in the seventeenth†¦show more content†¦Even though America wasn’t involved with the killing of millions of Jews, a lot of racism towards Jews was still shown here in America. During the Holocaust (1940) a ship of over 900 primarily German Jewish refugees was denied permission to land on U.S. soil, based on the Immigration Act of 1924. Only one-third of the refugees, who were forced to return to Europe, survived the genocide of Jews on the continent at the time. Even though Jews first arrived in America over 300 years ago and have had a certain level of religious freedom, anti-Semitism was justifiable and socially accepted, and in some cases it happened to be legal. For instance, some states in the late eighteenth century prohibited people who were not Christian from voting or running in public office. Later, these barriers were finally removed, with the help of the enactment of the Bill of Rights. The Ku Klux Kan (aka the KKK) is one of the most harmful and violent hate groups in America, did not just direct their rage at African-Americans but Jews were also a target to them. 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Introduction To Marketing

Question: Write a Report on OXFAM Shop. Answer: Introduction OXFAM Shop is a totally had reinforcement of OXFAM Australia, working in the extremely engaged Australian retail environment as a non-advantage affiliation. OXFAM Australia began as Community Aid Abroad more than 50 years earlier. Today OXFAM appreciates the Fairtrade Labeling Organization saw far and wide. The OXFAM Shop is a multi-channel retail business incorporated an online business web page, standard mail program, and stores. It is enrolled as a Fair Trade Organization by the World Fair Trade Association. Sensible trade draws in troubled gatherings in making countries by paying them reasonable and stable expenses for their work, helping them to get the aptitudes they need to develop their business, and giving them access to world markets. OXFAM Shop buys these stock at a reasonable cost and offers them in Australia so gatherings may be helped in their fight for a robust life. OXFAM Shop works under an affiliation, OXFAM Australia. The going with are OXFAM Australia vision, qual ities, and destinations. Their new thing should be fitted in the association's rationale. The courageous and optimistic neon bracelet is one of the present product accessible at OXFAM shop fair trade online shop. And WAKAMI is a brand developed producer partner. Industry Analysis Australia is one of the major developed countries in the world. Depending on the financial reports of Australia, the country is going to be one of the largest business hubs in the world. However, there are many industries who are competing among each other. The non-profit organizations are making a great impact in the Australian economy in these days. Nowadays, it is very remarkable in Australia that, the competitiveness of the non-profit organizations are getting tougher (Caro-Lopez, 2012). Depending on the fact, the Australian government has decided to give more priority to the organization like OXFAM who has taken a great initiative in the Australian market. The market is very much dependable on the customers preference. It is visible that the Australian people are more likely to believe that, product quality should be higher and the price should be reasonable for them. Depending on that, many organization no matter if it is profit making or non-profit organizations they are takin g a great initiative to meet the customers expectations from the bottom of their production. In this way, the market is very much tough for any organization. Another great part of the Australian market is a fashion trend. People are motivated towards the fashion trends in the world. They are gripped with the globalization and the trends that globalization has brought. OXFAM in this segment is going to introduce a bracelet which will be a mark of peace in peoples' lives. However, the market is burst with the fashionable bracelets and other stuff which will be a trend of fashion. Thus, the industry of fashion wear is very tough in the country. In this way, OXFAM should understand the customer's desires and their expectations about the fashion trends. However, the supply of raw materials is very fluent in the country (Caro-Lopez, 2012). Thus, the production will be very much influenced if the products are getting a high position in the market. According to a porter," The collective strength of these forces determines the ultimate profit potential in the industry, where profit potential is measured regarding long-term return on invested capit al." It means the company has to understand the industry force in the market of fashion trends. Thus, they can perform in the Australian market with the best outcome (Dorsey, 2002). Current Marketing Strategy OXFAM is one of the successful non-profit organization in the Australia. However, they are laughing their new product in the market which is a bracelet product. The product is customized with poly thread silver plated brass beads, Zamak metal. The fashion jewelry market in the Australia is very high in the recent era (Guthrie and Callahan, 2016). However, to perform proper marketing practice, the organization is following some key steps to make the marketing successful. The steps are as follow: Advertisements: OXFAM has taken an initiative to advertise their product in the market with the help of television and radio. Depending on that, they have launched their paid ads in the television channels. Relationship Marketing: Hiring people for marketing is one of the greatest ideas. The OXFAM has hired people who will reach customers and will sell the product and also convince the customers to purchase the product. However, it is also not avoidable that, the company has trained the employees to give understanding to the customers about the product that they are selling. A live demonstration is also a part of this process. Internet Marketing: Internet marketing is now a trend for every organization. Producing the products and the description on the internet and advertise the product in the social media is also a part of OXFAM's internet marketing. However, it is also visible that, the Google advertisement have taken place in the marketing campaign of OXFAM (Skorping, 2005). These are the most common interest of marketing that OXFAM has taken for the product marketing. Depending on the marketing process, they can get more customers. On the other hand, it is also visible that, the company has to work on their social media activities to make people aware of their products. On the other hand, many companies have their paid advertisements. Thus, OXFAM has to understand the advertisement quality and the specified product description that will be uploaded on the internet (Holliday, 2000). Another great option for the company is to make a banner for the promotion and advertisement of the bracelet. Competitor Analysis Profit making organizations are always yielding to seek a good return from the market.In the same way, there are many companies in the Australia who are specialized in the retail marketing industry. Thus, it is obvious for the nonprofit organizations to face many competitors in the market. Depending on that, the main competitor of OXFAM is the Amazon. This supermarket comes e-commerce market has a great influence in the Australia. There are some key factors that can make the competition harder for OXFAM. The factors are: The brand equality is one of the most important factors. The product that OXFAM is going to launch, that might be launched by the competitor or are willing to launch. Thus, making the product dissimilar than others is most important. Access to suppliers means the relationship between the organization and the suppliers. However, getting raw materials is the main factor that can be differentiated by the suppliers. Thus, making good supply chain management will make a competitive advantage for the OXFAM. Making better cost for the product will help OXFAM to bring more customers in the stores. The product price should be affordable and competitively less than competitors (Holliday, 2000). Customer Analysis Customers are the base of any organization. However, understanding of the customers' needs and the behavior is very much important. The reason for understanding the customers are: Customers are following the global trends. Thus, by understanding the customers, OXFAM can redesign the bracelet to meet the trend needs. The activities of customers on the product are important to understanding. Thus, the company can gather a better understanding of product's lacks and improvements. The demographic understanding of the customers is very much needed for any organization. By understanding the age, gender, and ethnicity, the company can produce products to meet the cultural appropriateness (Huber and O'Gorman, 2008). SWOT Analysis of Product OXFAM shop is a holding association that works through its reinforcement associations. The organization's first assistant is a non-advantage affiliation (Salaman, 2001). The stock offerings join outline pearls, timepieces, sterling flatware, china, precious stone, stationery, smells, and decoration. OXFAM has gotten different direct transport channels. This system has engaged the Association to ascend as a visible player in the shape decorations and specialty retailer parcel. In any case, as fake trade manufacturers, the organization stands to lose its picture esteem. Moreover, it may in like manner realize customer disillusionment, which will in like manner be hindering for the association's photo. The going with SWOT analysis gets the essential qualities and deficiencies inside the association and depicts the open entryways and threats defying contemporary driving their new thing Bracelet. Strengths Unique diagrams and improvement methodologies. A Strong relationship with suppliers furthermore shows. The flexibility to give custom pieces. Weakness A sweeping piece of the target showcase that is unaware of Contemporary OXFAM new moving Bracelet things. Limited time and spending plan to showcase the association to the administered target masses. The fight to dependably make new arrangements (Huber and O'Gorman, 2008). Opportunities A creating business segment that, to a significant degree, is oblivious to Contemporary OXFAM new pushing Bracelet diagrams. The believability to build up the degree of the association, so affiliation's part and pioneers is contributing his vitality making and allowing others to deal with the administrative purposes of intrigue. The mixture of fresh, inventive layouts in a to some degree stagnant industry. Threats A lessening of availability of rough materials in light of enthusiasm from various undertakings. Artistic copycats that enter the market and duplicate OXFAM's arrangements. A break in the economy that will have a lessening on individual's discretionary wage. Target Market Segmentation OXFAM is based on the business to customer market. In this market, the target market is segmented among demography, lifestyle, and behavior. For OXFAM, the market is segmented in the same manner (Huber and O'Gorman, 2008). Demography: this segment is based on the population, similar group, and interest people. The company will identify the people with the desire of purchasing the product with interest. Lifestyle: in Australia, people are very much adopted with the global trends. Thus, the lifestyle of people is very modern. In this way, the company can produce the bracelet with modernized innovations. Behavior: the understanding of customer behavior is critical for companies. With the best idea of customer behavior, companies can reshape the product according to the customers' need. Objectives The main objective of OXFAM is to make the world with no poverty. However, it is their motive to produce products and sell them within a low budget which will help people to purchase their needs. It is also their objective to provide the justice to poor in case of availing the services. With the product, they can achieve their goals. The main goal of the company is to bring a positive change in the poor lives who are living in poverty (McFarland, Senn and Childress, 2007). Marketing Mix Strategies The promoting frameworks and organizing join some large segments, for instance, 4P's. Besides, this present 4P's joins seven novel factors, for example, thing, esteem, progression, put, people, psychical verification, and process. Each and every segment of publicizing 4p's will be analyzed underneath: Product- this is one of the essential components of 4p's model, and with the help of this element, the organization of OXFAM shop can pull in their customers. Moreover, especially, OXFAM should exhibit an inventive thing, for example, another beginning Bracelet which fuses additional segments. Also, OXFAM must offer another Bracelet which has the latest and a new frame that attracts more customers (Orridge, 2009). Promotion- the restricted time activities is realized by a different relationship to attract the customers. On the other hand, OXFAM needs to offer continuously additional segments with the things. Other than that, OXFAM can give a markdown to their new Bracelet which is an appealing methodology used by numerous associations (McFarland, Senn and Childress, 2007). Price- the cost of things is one of the fundamental parts which measured by the organization. Toward the day's end, most of the customers are esteem fragile, and they require more supportive things and organization at a reasonable cost. Moreover, to complete the cost of the thing (Upcoming Bracelet), OXFAM must inspect current monetary circumstance and requirements of the customers. Place- this is the great degree necessary time of this present 4P's model because due to this variable, OXFAM can deal with and organize their advancing frameworks. For example, OXFAM needs to pick a particular range which contains potential customers who augment the advantage of the affiliation. Monitoring and Control Control, execution, and evaluation are the three sponsorships of an advancing game plan. At, in any case, OXFAM should make a showcasing game plan for their new moving Bracelet which will fuse all philosophies to beat the adversaries close by the money related quality. Some agents working in a particular part is managed and controlled by the chief of the association. After the course of action has been chalked out, OXFAM should associate with themselves in propelling the dispatch of the thing like Bracelets. The restricted time development fuses running of advancements or driving locales and sending direct messages. It is the execution arrange (Murphy, 2002). The utilization time of the association's showcasing game plan ensures that the advancing activities happens wrong time for accomplishment. Next, the appraisal wonder of OXFAM's promoting game plan is concerned with the examination of subjective and quantitative estimations related to the method and execution. At last, control i s fundamental for appraisal organize (Nelson, 2008). Conclusion At first, this paper highlighted in current marketing strategy for OXFAM organization and also provide a competitor analysis. This report figures out their customer and their proper analysis to this segment. SWOT analysis is one of most important part in this report. So, SWOT analysis also describe in this paper. To understand the Australian market, a proper marketing strategy has been developed to bring ideas of the sector. Monitoring and controlling in this report is very significance part and most valuable for this report. This part highlights a how OXFAM organization control and monitoring their customers. References Caro-Lopez, H. (2012).Strategic citizenship. 1st ed. Dorsey, L. (2002).The presidency and rhetorical leadership. 1st ed. College Station: Texas A M University Press. Guthrie, K. and Callahan, K. (2016). Liberal Arts: Leadership Education in the 21st Century.New Directions for Higher Education, 2016(174), pp.21-33. Holliday, V. (2000).Classical and modern narratives of leadership. 1st ed. Wauconda, Ill.: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. Huber, M. and O'Gorman, S. (2008).From customer retention to a holistic stakeholder management system. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer. McFarland, L., Senn, L. and Childress, J. (2007).21st century leadership. 1st ed. New York: Leadership Press. Murphy, J. (2002).The educational leadership challenge. 1st ed. Chicago: NSSE. Nelson, M. (2008). Odysseus and Aeneas: A classical perspective on leadership.The Leadership Quarterly, 19(4), pp.469-477. Orridge, M. (2009).Change leadership. 1st ed. Farnham, England: Gower. Papa, M., Daniels, T., Spiker, B. and Foulger, J. (2006).Organizational communication. 1st ed. Salaman, G. (2001).Understanding business. 1st ed. London: Routledge in association with the Open University. Skorping, A. (2005). Global parasitology.Trends in Parasitology, 21(10), p.455.

Brechtian Techniques Used in Drama Essay Example

Brechtian Techniques Used in Drama Paper How I have used Brecht techniques and style in my performance. In my performance, my group and I have used an array of Brechtian techniques and styles to create a stylised and tasteful performance. Some of these techniques are necessary for a Brechtian piece, such as the use of gestus, play building and alienation. Some other Brechtian techniques such as the use of spazz, songs/music, montage and placards help create a greater meaning in the performance. When my group and I started our performance, we first had to come up with a strong and clear gestus. We did this by looking in the newspaper – we found many articles about young people inflicting harm on each other and juveniles involved in serious crimes. This topic struck us as a current issue that we could relate to and that we understood. We discussed this further until we all agreed that we would create a play built performance based upon how society has created the monster that is generation Y. We used this as motivation for all the other scenes or episodes that would be supporting our gestus. The play building process has been severely vital in the construction of our performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Brechtian Techniques Used in Drama specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Brechtian Techniques Used in Drama specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Brechtian Techniques Used in Drama specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As we improvised each idea, it was a process of trial and error to see which episodes would be included into the performance. Improvisation played a big part in the play building process because a lot of our best ideas have come from acting on impulse, and have steered us into new, sophisticated directions. Each scene we develop, the group had to take the technique of alienation into great consideration. It is so easy to forget this factor, which is absolutely vital in a Brechtian performance. After we finished or developed a scene, we all discussed how we could make the audience feel more alienated. An example of this is in our first scene when the scientist is directly addressing and talking to the audience. It makes each audience remember that they are watching a performance and it ensures that they don’t get caught up in the characters or that specific scene. This is important because the audience has to look at the bigger picture instead of getting attached to the story. To reinforce our gestus and help the audience clearly understand what we are saying, each actor in our group is wearing a nametag, such as â€Å"GEN X† or â€Å"SOCIETY†, so the audience understands our symbolism without having to think too much about it. We also are using placards for each scene to outline what we are trying to say in each episode. By getting a member of the group to change the placard, this also alienates the audience by breaking down the â€Å"4th wall†. A significant technique we have used is spazz. By displaying a scene, which is serious, and then suddenly breaking out into comical movement and dialogue, this breaks the serious moment and also helps in breaking the 4th wall. Songs and music go well with spazz. In one of our scenes, the scientist is talking to the audience about serious matters with the generations, and then each generation breaks into a comical satire song, mocking The Brady Bunch. We have combined spazz and music for this to create a fast paced performance. It is important not to have a slow and clunky performance otherwise the audience could get bored and confused about the gestus. To avoid a possibly slow performance, we have used montage. Montage also adds to making it a fast paced performance and also makes the audience think about what is being said. We contrast different war images from different wars against each other. We made sure that these images were very clear so the audience would not have try and understand what we are saying. To assist this, we are using projection and projecting the image behind us. Brecht used placards in his performances; in a way projection is a modern version of placards. It will assist us a great deal in our performance and will engage the audience. Brecht techniques have helped myself and my group in preparing and performing our piece. By using these techniques, it has assisted us in searching for a deeper meaning when creating a performance and made us think about how we can use drama to get a message across to the audience.

Shurtleff Test Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Shurtleff Test Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Shurtleff Test First Guidepost- Relationships Summary: This is identifying the role you play in the life of your fellow character (s) and achieving it by using the realm of emotions. The reason is because the relationship will determine the state of emotions in the play and as soon as you understand the relationship then you can begin to explore and while exploring, this feelings or emotions should be created as you will feel them and not how the character will feel in their own world. In other words , invoke your own emotions into the character. The relationship is the answer to questions like why am I here? Why do I feel this way towards the other character? Understanding the relationship is very important because the playwright only provides the facts that surround the conflict My Monlogue: In the monologue, I play Roxy who is trying to break up with Derek on a rollercoaster. The character I play seems to have two sides of her relationship with boyfriend Derek. The first side is an unbalanced rough relationship for about 10 months and 22 days to be persist. The second side which my character presents midway through the play is the happy content girlfriend satisfied with the relationship and wouldn't have it any other way. Guidepost Two: What are you fighting for? Summary: The second guidepost explains the conflict, or reason behind every scene. Every action has a reaction and that goes around in a continuous loop. Reactions also cause actions and that is what Shurtleff is trying to explain through this guidepost; every action a character takes in a situation or scene has a motive behind it or a trigger. These motives are what make a situation interesting. Many times, these reasons are hidden and an actor must look deep within the character to seek out the problems. This is another way of saying "getting into character"; this means understanding and experiencing the character's life as your own and fighting for the character's goals and aspirations as they are their own. It is important to find the desire and the willingness to keep fighting for whatever reason the character engaged in the scene in the first place but also by using tactics to help the character help reach their goal. My Monologue: In the play my character is fighting with Derek to stop being so immature and become more of a man. Roxy is fighting for a deeper connection, a connection that comes with long term commitment and a overall healthy happy relationship but Derek seems to be in the opposite position compared to my character. Guidepost #3: The Moment Before Summary: Performing a scene takes creativity and be an art piece if done diligently and with passion. When an actor comes in prepared, committed and ready to go, it is impressive for the judges. It is so important to understand the relationship and the motives in a scene, to be able to perform it with justice. The Moment Before guides an actor on how essential it is to use their imagination. According to Shurtleff, every audition scene given usually starts in the middle, thus it is left up to the actor to fill in the blanks for the moments before the actual scene and understand the chemistry. The more imaginative, believable and interesting the story made up, the more engaged and interested will the audience be in learning more and staying hooked on the play. An actor needs to be able to find the truth in the scene and carry that message throughout the performance. To be able to fully indulge oneself in the character, it is important to note what the character has been through in the past and what exactly is going through their head right now My Monologue: In order to play my character truthfully its important I start to imagine all those days during the 10 months Derek and Roxy dated and think about what lead my character to break up with her boyfriend, think about what types of events could have taken place. Was her heart broken because Derek did not give my character the attention she needed through-out the relationship or was he not looking for something

Preparedness of Intensive Care Unit Nurses Case Study

Preparedness of Intensive Care Unit Nurses - Case Study Example Just by the looks of it, not only are researchers in agreement as to what good palliative care is; there is also a tall task that is assigned to nurses in palliative care. Amidst constant cry for better training and preparation, palliative care nurses are expected to perform these tasks that entail not only academic inputs but psychological and emotional preparedness as well. As we have seen above, even oncology nurses find themselves still wanting when it comes to providing quality end-of-life care, though, no one can deny that palliative nurses are supposed to be the model for end-of-life care. Given these demands of palliative care, and given the fact that even the conference cites palliative care as the guide for quality end-of-life care in the ICU, let us now turn to examine the present situation of UK ICU nurses. After which, we shall see whether they are prepared for end-of-life care, as discussed above, or if they are still wanting. Let us first look at some facts about UK IC U Nurses. We will do the assessment as to their preparedness or unpreparedness after.   ICU nurses may receive training for advanced life support skills.   That nurses may undergo training to be able to provide the following: manual defibrillation, shock advisory defibrillation, intravenous cannulation, intravenous adrenaline administration, laryngeal mask airway insertion, and tracheal intubation (O’Higgins et al. 2001: 46-47). This is an improvement in line with an earlier survey which states that only â€Å"12 percent of British nurses regularly performed arterial puncture† compared to 75 percent of Swedish nurses that regularly do such a procedure (Depasse et al. 1998: 939). Within the same report, it was also stated that British nurses are less involved in invasive procedures, in spite of higher levels of staffing (1998: 944). In the magazine, Nursing (2000: 32 cc6), it was reported that aside from ICU nurses being overworked which may result in increased mortality rate, other factors exist that may contribute to higher mortality rates during peak hours.

Community Based Correctional Program Research Proposal

Community Based Correctional Program - Research Proposal Example The program is also aimed at assessing the behavioral and psychological traits of individuals in the program, which lead them to participate in chemical abuse. 1. The first objective of the program is to provide primary counseling services for the individuals who have a chemical abuse problem (Marlowe, 2010). This objective will also focus on individualized treatment of the individuals, coupled with constant monitoring and assessment of the offenders. 2. Provide the clients in the program with a highly specialized treatment service for the period in which they are in the program. This will include a completely structured treatment and therapeutic treatment service aimed at identifying and reducing the root of the chemical abuse problem (CCP, 2012). 5. Provide other services that help in improving the chemical and psychological health of the client. These services include anger management, parenting skills, cultural, gender sensitivity, and alcoholic control (CCP, 2012). Since the program is meant to compliment the services of the state in the provision of rehabilitation services, the main clientele served by the program will be individuals who violate their paroles to a level that necessitates their return to prison (Lipton, 1999). These individuals will be mainly composed of violating parolees who are deemed to have a chemical abuse nature and must undergo drug rehabilitation. The second groups to be served by the program include offenders currently undergoing incarceration at state prisons, but are mandated by the regulators and prison boards to undergo chemical rehabilitation (Lipton, 1999). These offenders will be taken out of their prisons and kept in the program facilities. Other clients will be the offenders who are ordered by respective courts to serve chemical dependency programs prior to their release form state and government prison services (Lipton, 1999).

Country Development Comparison: Sweden and Vietnam PESTEL

Country Development Comparison: Sweden and Vietnam PESTEL Table of Contents Vietnam background Political factor Economy Social Technology Legal Environment Sweden Background. Political factor Social factors Technological Factor Legal Factors Environmental factor Intra Analysis of Sweden and Vietnam Political Factors Economical Factor Conclusion References PESTEL ANALYSIS Initially known as PEST Analysis, this is a macro environmental structure used to recognise the impact of the external factors on the institution and is used as strategic analytical technique. PEST stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological† factors. Francis Aguilar is referred to as the originator of this tool. He talked about ETPS – Economic, Technological, Political, and Social– as the four important factors for Scanning the Business Environment. Later Legal and Environmental factors were also introduced by some analysts and thus evolved the term PESTLE Analysis. Vietnam background Vietnam is a country situated in the extreme east on the indo-China peninsula. It is the 13th most populated country in the world with 90.3 million people being estimated in 2012. It is one among the fastest emerging countries in Asia. It has a very fast growing economy as many first world countries are being attracted by its resources and Foreign Direct Investment showed an increasing trend for some years. Political factor 2011 Vietnam Communist Party held an eleventh congress in 2011 by which followed an election where the leading party was the Party Central Committee. Following the event, Prime Minister Mr Nyugen Tan Dung retains his former position. Mr Nguyen Phu Trong was elected as General Secretary and Mr Truong Tan Sang as Vietnam’s president. The new party brought about some amendments in the current 1992 Constitution. Companies which have a say to economic development were given certain facilities when the government took some extra tax actions. Also, concerning the conflict between Vietnam and China over the East Sea, some senior bureaucrat of the two countries had to visit each other in order to reduce the pressures. 2012 Following an issue of farmers and villager’s land being confiscated by governments’ officials, the police force used extreme force to combat the riot. Conferences session were held to deal with these problems but no actions was taken to improve human rights which was elaborated in 2011. Prime Minister Mr Nguyen proves his supremacy by restricting citizen from deriving their rights. Economy 2011 The year 2011 proved to be a dynamic year for the Vietnamese economy with the first year of establishment of the Socio-Economic Development Strategy. It aims to boost up the country’s labor force, creating high standards infrastructure and stabilizing the economy. However, the Vietnam Development Report of 2012 showed that in the recent years there was an agitating macroeconomic experience. Vietnam experiences a slow GDP growth of 5.8%, inflation being 11.75% in 2010 to 18% in 2011. Both imports and exports rose and FDI increased as investors were attracted by certain core business of the country. 2012 Following the slowing down of GDP in 2011, 2012 also depicted a slow pace with GDP growing by only 5%. However, inflation decreased as it change from a two-digit figure to one digit figure of 9.1%. FDI inflows witnessed a fall of 4.5% in 2012 and seeing a boost in exports of 18.3% and imports of 7.1%. Social 2011 In vietnam, education is considered to be the key of good moral values and that every person should have a desire for achieving it. Despite having a poor education system, the economy has a highly educated population. The National average population rose by 1.04% (87.84 million) with a working age of 46.48 million which is a rise of 0.12% and constituting an unemployment rate of 2.27%. 2012 Average population rose by 1.06% (88.78 million). Working age from 15 and above rose was 52.58 million in 2012 which Is a rise of 2.3%. Unemployment rate was 1.99% and people’s standard of living decrease by 27.6% to 2011. Technology 2011 Year 2011 illustrated a new implementation of a strategic plan for social and economic development. Vietnam’s government emphasize on the establishment of new infrastural building and thereby constructing new express ways to facilitate the task. This would help to ease the modenisation concept. Various training is being offered to have competent scientist and also the government promoted technological innovation. 2012 Being cost advantageous compared to other countries, Vietnam captured some big economies for investment including South Korea and US technology enterprises. This boosted up the export revenue. One of the major influences was the implementation of Samsung’s mobil-phone plant which totalized an investment of $700 million. Legal 2011 Vietnam was called upon in a conference on the Rule of law to restructure its legal system and bring it into line with the international Human Rights Laws. The Human Rights were only theoretically being used in Vietnam after the war. In 2011, Vuong family created havoc by wounding 6 civil servants. The Prime Minister had to step into the matter so as to solve the case and the Haiphony Government was proven wrong. 2012 The dominance of the ruling party persisted. Human Rights were only proposed in 2011 and it was not given legal force. It did not abide by the international standards even in 2012. Freedom of the population was deprived from them. The police force still do massacre to the general public. Foreign countries tried to step into the matter to reform the legal system but the supremacy of the government remains. Environment 2011 Recent report of the World Bank stipulated that due to rapid economic growth and technological advancement in Vietnam, the environment is being affected significantly. Many natural resources are being deployed. Moreover, 2011 was officially the year where Vietnam Rhino was declared extinct. Also, with the growing urbanization, environmental pollution has increased. Water pollution is the main one as lakes’ area is decreasing sharply while many are disappearing. 80% of lakes are polluted and this called upon environmentalist to take necessary measures to tackle the problem. Vietnam is a country with drastic damages concerning climate change with 257 people missing and dead, 1200 houses being damaged or carried away. The natural calamities caused a loss of approximately over 10 trillion VND. 2012 With the support of US, in 2012 at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Vietnam developed a strategy for sustainable development following the increase in industrial work. Agriculture as a percentage of total national income is declining. Sweden Background Sweden was army powered in the 17th century, but it was no present in any war for almost 200 years. It remained armed neutral in both World Wars. It is a capitalist country. In 2000-02 and 2009 by the global economic downturns it had to face unemployment to a great extent, but fiscal policies were planned and implemented in a way that has permitted the country to survive in economic difficulties. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public disagree to the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. It is located between Finland and Norway. The Population of Sweden is 9,074,055 (July 2010 EST.) Religion is Lutheran 87%, other 13 %( includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) Language of Sweden is Swedish (official), also Sami- and some Finnish talking minorities. About Literacy rate it is observed that age 15 and over can read and write Capital of Sweden is: Stockholm GDP growth rate is 4.5% inflation rate is said to be 1.4% Currency: Krona (SEK) Industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles Sweden is retaining its place as the tenth most attractive country in the world that is the result of the 2012 year’s Anholt-GfK Nation Brands Index (NBI), this index measures the global likeness (image) of 50 countries in attractiveness and perceived qualities. Political factor Official name of the country is Kingdom of Sweden Legal system Based on the constitution of 1974 Head of state Sweden has King Carl XVI Gustaf as head of state. The nations legislature is the Swedish Parliament (Riksdag), with 349 participants. Elections are heald on a four year basis but it should be pointed out that the king plays no role in government. In the 2006 election, the Riksdag set a new world record as 47 percent of its elected members were women.The Cabinet is headed by the prime minister. There has not been any major change in the political factor in Sweden between 2011 and 2012. Economic Factor It is going forward to maintain a sound fiscal support, improving greater labour force participation and efficiently increasing the public expenditure would help handling future undesirable events. The industrial as well as the agricultural sectors both play an important role in contributing to the GDP. The estimate of investments in research and development is about 4 percent of its gross domestic product. In 2011 in order to prevent long-term unemployment The efficiency of labour market policies could be elevated by increasing the training, specially those who need it most and getting strength in cooperation between institutions. Reforms in the social benefit and tax systems to provide the right incentives for increasing hours worked. In 2012, Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment Credit is made available to foreign investors in an unbiased way. The private sector have been given access to a variety of credit instruments. The central bank focuses on increasing the international co-operation. Combined with a well-educated labor force, excellent telecommunications network, and a stable political environment, Sweden has become more competitive as a choice for foreign companies forming a presence in the Nordic region. In the World Economic Forum’s 2011-2012 report, Sweden ranked third out of 140 countries in overall competiveness and productivity Sweden’s economy has strong potential to benefit from growing, technology-driven global competition. Sweden already hosts one of the most globally integrated economies in the world. Sweden’s effectiveness is manifested by large flows of trade, capital, and foreign investment. It is seen as a leader in adopting new technologies and setting new consumer trends. Products can be tested in a market with demanding customers and high levels of technical sophistication. Social factors Sweden’s people in general are very on time. They do not smoke in general public places. It is a custom to remove shoes if a person is invited by a friend or anyone to his/her house. Swedes students are informal but they are always willing to help. It is not a practice to exchange business cards in Sweden. Swedes don’t take generosity for granted they will surely give thanks. Fault to say thank you for something is perceived negatively in Sweden. Competition is not encouraged Maintaining eye contact along with a firm handshake, shake hands with all attendees on both arrival and departure. Call first names when you meet Swedes. These social factors have not change in one year i.e from 2011 to 2012 Technological Factor The image is adapted from The Global Information Technology report of 2010-2011 Hennigan (2011) states that Sweden stands 1st in rankings of The Global Information Technology report of 2010-2011, by the World Economic Forum. The report emphasizes the role of ICT (information and communication technologies) as a facilitator of a more economically, environmentally and socially sustainable world. According to new ranking report published by the UN ITU, Sweden holds the first rank in the ICT Development Index (IDI). Legal Factors Swedish laws provide a variety of types under which a business can be established. The Swedish Law, Act (1992:160) applies to overseas companies functioning some type of business The foreign branch’s president must be living within the European Economic Area (EEA). Each and every business enterprise in Sweden are required to register at the Swedish Companies Registration Office. Trademark must be registered in Sweden so that legal protection can be obtained. The president if, not from EEA country, needs special permission from the Financial Supervision Authority to set up a branch in Sweden Taxes: Swedens taxation structure is straightforward and corporate tax levels are low. Sweden has a corporate tax of 28% in nominal terms. Individual’s income taxes are one of the highest in the world. Since it spends a lot in public finances to reduce deficits. One particular area has been tax reductions to encourage employers to hire long-term unemployed people. There are further deductions for personal income taxes by the government. Profits earned by a Swedish branch of any foreign enterprise may be sent abroad without implication of any tax other than the regular corporate income tax. Incentives: The government also offers specific incentives to set up a business. Loans are also given by the National Board for Industrial and Technical Development (NUTEK) and from regional development funds. The variety of regional support programs are in Sweden like location and employment grants, low rent industrial parks, and economic free zones. There are also several European funds that offer subsidies for starting enterprises and the Swedish Government provides collection of incentives for research and development Environmental factor Sweden was an early adopter of sustainable thinking. Back in the 1960s, it acknowledged that the rapid loss of natural resources had to be deal with, and took a lead in setting up the first UN conference on the environment, held in Stockholm in 1972. Since then it has continued to work actively with environmental issues, both nationally and internationally. In 2011, Sweden had the highest percentage of renewable energy in the EU (over 47 per cent). By 2020, at least half of the country’s energy should be renewable, a target the Government says is within reach. Sweden has implemented a water management program in 2012. Tap water is drinkable, and in the summer you can swim in central parts of the capital, Stockholm.Although Sweden is a frontrunner in environmental policy, the Government recognises that there is plenty of room for improvement. For 2013-2016, Sweden will allocate approximately SEK 22 billion to environmental measures. Intra Analysis of Sweden and Vietnam Political Factors Unlike Sweden with a sound and stable political state, that of Vietnam is quite unstable. Vietnam’s political party shows its supremacy upon its citizen by depriving them of their human rights. Sweden can be said a country where its political factor would be less risky that Vietnam. Following the comparison of year 2011 and 2012 of the two countries, Sweden proved to be consistent where as to correct the Vietnamese political stability various countries had to step forward. Economical Factor Economic stability is of great concern to countries. Vietnam encounters a very fluctuating macroeconomic state with drastic changes. Sweden has a stable economic state as its figures do not change by a quite large amount. Vietnam with such agitation could be vulnerable to crises. This makes the economy poor and may lose investors’ confidence. Sweden on the other hand has a good economy and can boost up investors’ confidence. Being among the top competitive and productive countries in the world, investors are easily attracted. Social Factor In comparison with Vietnam, Sweden can be said to be more socially stable. Swedes are well repute for their moral values. It has a highly educated population with high prospect of flourishing as the people are back up by their government. Vietnam on the other hand also has a highly educated population but do not have the means available to ameliorate their living standard as year 2012 showed a decline. Sweden with its determination and perseverance became the third out of 140 countries for being competitive and productive. Technological Factor Sweden being a country of high level of technology has a major advantage over Vietnam. The latter is now on the path of major technological advancement. Many efforts have been done to flourish its technological innovation. It is in 2011 and 2012 that the government is opening itself to new technologies and is constructing the required infrastructure whereas the case of Sweden is very different. Sweden is rank number one in information, communication and technology. Its telecommunication services is among the best due to high technology. Legal Factor Both Sweden and Vietnam encourages companies and individuals to prospect via tax cuts. Sweden is considered a country which is well known due to its high individual taxes and its large public sector. It encourages companies to hire persons by reducing corporate tax thereby reducing unemployment rate. Its government also helps to promote small and medium enterprises. Environmental Factor Sweden is the first country to adopt the sustainable development approach. It organises various conferences on environmental issues, the first one held in Stockholm. It has a clean environment where tap water is drinkable and it has the highest level of renewable energy in EU. Vietnam is on the other pole where pollution affects its water resources badly. Tap water is not consumable as its lakes are over 70% polluted due to industrial operations. Conclusion Sweden is a developed country and this can clearly be seen from the PESTLE analysis. Swedish society has developed an exclusive culture with a robust work code and strong ethical attitudes regarding the appealing of welfare benefits. There is also a great level of trust and social consistency. At present Sweden is now putting emphasis on its tertiary sector, more precisely on its financial sector. Vietnam on the other hand is a developing country still trying to struggle with its primary and secondary sector, its main goals are to establish a continuous trend in its macroeconomic factors such as GDP and inflation. The difference between these two countries is eye catching and there is technically no way that in the near future they will be on the same level even if Vietnam development is at a more than average pace.

Symbols and Symbolism in Sir Gawain and Green Knight Essay -- Sir Gawa

Symbolism in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight    Symbolism is a literary technique used in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight to liven up the story and give a deeper significance to the plot.   Almost anything in the poem can be interpreted as a symbol in one way or another.   The Green Knight, the green sash, and Sir Gawain's shield are three of the most prominent symbols presented to us in this author's tale.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Green Knight, this poem's antagonist, serves as a symbol himself.   He is not only portrayed as evil, but a mixture of the familiar and foreign, nature and synthetic, and divine and damned origin.   His large stature can be interpreted as threatening or powerful.   His green glow could be nature-associated or alien-associated.   The first time he appears in the poem, he is even carrying a holly-branch (signifying peace) in one hand and a battle axe (signifying conflict) in the other.   It's hard to say exactly for what the Green Knight stands, because f...

The pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) for a new a newly established multi-campus

This assignment is an attempt to present a position paper about the pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) for a new a newly established multi-campus Mpokeleshi University library in Muchinga province of Zambia. It further gives sufficiently clear arguments to enable the vice-chancellor make an informed decision on the way forward. The paper will first define the major concepts under review before outlining the pros and cons of a database management system (DBMS) and finally give sufficiently clear arguments to enable the vice-chancellor make an informed decision on the way forward.DEFINITIONS OF MAJOR CONCEPTSTo begin with are the definitions of major concepts under review and these are pros and cons, and database management system (DBMS). According to the oxford university dictionary, pros and cons mean advantages and disadvantages or arguments for and against something. A database management system (DBMS) on the other hand can be broken down and be defined as single concepts as follows: ‘data’ are the raw facts or figures which are processed to get the information. A database is a collection of data stored in a standardized format, designed to be processed, shared by different users and may have single or multiple tables organized in rows and columns.Therefore, a database management system (DBMS) can be defined as â€Å" a software that defines a database, stores the data and supports a query language, produces reports, and creates data entry forms†, (Laudon, 2000:221). Others have defined a database management system as a complex set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database.ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSDatabase management system (DBMS) is a central system which provides a common interface between the data and the various front-end programs in the application. It also provides a central location for the whole data in the application to reside. D atabase management system (DBMS) has several advantages and among them includes minimal data redundancy: since the whole data resides in one central database, the various programs in the application can access data in different data files. Therefore, data present in one file need not be duplicated in another file thus reducing data  redundancy which in turn leads to better data consistency (O’brien, 2003).The other notable advantage of database management system (DBMS) is data integration: since related data is stored in one single database, enforcing data integrity is much easier. Moreover, the functions of the database management system (DBMS) can be used to enforce the integrity rules with minimum programming in the application programs. Data sharing is another advantage of a database management system (DBMS): Related data can be shared across programs since the data is stored in a centralized manner. Even new applications can be developed to operate against the same dat a since several users can access and use the same data for different purposes, provided they are authorized users, as you might be aware that databases are normally protected by passwords to avoid unauthorized users from accessing and or manipulating such database content (Date, 2003:268-276).Enforcement of standards and better controls are also achieved due to the centralized nature of the system. Standards in the organization and structure of data files is required, and is also easy in a data system since it is one single set of programs which is always interacting with the data files. Another advantage which gives database management system (DBMS) a plus is application development ease: the application programmer need not build the functions for handling issues like concurrent access, security, data integrity to mention but a few, the programmer instead only needs to implement the application business rules.This hence brings in application development ease because addition of add itional functional modules becomes easier than in file-based systems. Nijssen, (1976:158) outlines that data independence is yet another merit of database management system (DBMS): He outlines that data independence is isolating an upper level from the changes in the organization or structure of a lower level. For example, if changes in the file organization of a data file do not demand for changes in the functions in the database management system (DBMS) or in the application programs, data independence is achieved. He further defines that data as immunity of applications to change in physical representation and access techniques.The provision of data independence is one of the major objectives of database systems due to the architectural nature of a database management system (DBMS) which can be viewed as a three level system comprising the internal or physical level where the data resides, the  conceptual level which the level of the DBMS functions and last but not the least th e external level which is the level of application programs or the end users. Due to the centralized nature of a database management system (DBMS) maintenance cost is reduced thus accounting for yet another advantage of DBMS.It is generally acceptable that it costs much less to create a system of smaller computers with the equivalent power as a single large and expensive computer. This makes it more cost-effective for corporate divisions and departments to obtain separate and less expensive computers. It is also much more cost-effective to add workstations to a network than to update a mainframe system. Another dimension of cost reduction is taking advantage of economies of scale. It is generally argued that the cost of processing and maintenance of individual and geographically remote systems may be expensive as opposed to processing and maintaining a centralized system which may be much economical because the technical expertise required for running such a complex system can be ce ntralized or concentrated at one site hence reducing the cost which could have been incurred for running separate and geographically remote systems (Conolly, 1997).DISADVANTAGES OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSDespite the various advantages of database management systems (DBMS), it is worth pointing out that it has its own shortcomings or disadvantages or rather challenges, and some of them include confidentiality, privacy and security: It is worth noting that when information is centralized and is accessed by a huge number of users remotely, the possibility of abuse are often more, as opposed to a conventional data processing system, thereby compromising the levels of confidentiality, privacy and security. Therefore, to reduce the chance of unauthorized users from accessing and abusing sensitive information, it is necessary to take technical, administrative, and possibly legal measures to curb such abuse if a database management system (DBMS) is to continue to serve its intended purp ose of informing, entertaining and indeed educating the masses (Laudon, 2004:223).Similarly, since the database is accessible to many users remotely, adequate controls are needed to control unauthorized users from updating data on the database if data quality and data integrity are to be maintained. Additionally, with the increased number of users accessing data directly, there are greater  opportunities for the users to damage the database unless there are suitable controls put in place to ensure data accessibility and quality is not compromised. Enterprise vulnerability is yet another challenge of a database management system (DBMS). It is worth noting that centralizing all the data of an enterprise in one database may mean that such a database becomes an indispensable and a reliable resource.Therefore, the survival of the enterprise may depend on reliable information being available on its database all the time. If the risk of possible damage is left unchecked by overlooking ad equate maintenance and upgrading, the whole enterprise therefore becomes vulnerable to higher impact of failure. According to (Conolly, 1997:689), complexity and cost account for another demerit of a database management system (DBMS). It is common knowledge that a complex conceptual design process needs multiple external well qualified staff with the necessary technical expertise, who are in most instances scarce and possibly expensive to hire.The fact that a complex system requires additional and or new hardware and software for maintenance and or upgrading which are expensive even worsens the prohibitive cost of running an effective database management system (DBMS) for small enterprises as they normally struggle with cost justification for making such huge investments in the infrastructure, or backup and recovery in cases of damage and or failure of the system.JUSTIFICATION FOR A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR A MULTI-CAMPUS UNIVERSITY LIBRARYDespite the above outlined disadvanta ges of database management systems (DBMS), it is worth noting that the advantages of DBMS outweigh the disadvantages and some of the weaknesses should be viewed as mere challenges of database management systems (DBMS) as opposed to being disadvantages because they can be mitigated. For example, the challenges of cost of running a complex database management system can be mitigated by cutting the relative cost of data transmission across the network by introducing local access.It may be much more economical to partition the application and perform the processing locally at each site or rather at each at each campus library of the multi-campus university. Furthermore, the challenge of prohibitive cost of kick starting and or running a complex database management system (DBMS) can also be minimized by the application of what is known as the â€Å"Grosh’s law† of economics which argues that: computing power is calculated according to the square of the  cost of the equipm ent: three times the cost could provide nine times of power, which is why it costs much less to create a system of small computers with the equivalent power of a single large computer.This makes it more cost-effective for corporate divisions and departments to obtain small separate computers, which in this case can be equated to running a small and cost-effective library networks at each site of the multi-campus university (Conolly, 1997:688). He goes on to argue that a distributed database management system (DDBMS) could be ideal for a multi-campus university library as opposed to a centralized database management system (CDBMS) due to improved availability and improved reliability.On the one hand, improved availability is enhanced in the sense that unlike in a centralized database management system (CDBMS) where a computer failure can terminate the operations of the database management system (DBMS), conversely, a failure at one site of a distributed database management system (DD BMS) or a failure of a communication link making same sites inaccessible does not render the entire system inoperable. It is however impressive to note that in this type of a system, if a single node fails, the system may be able to reroute the failed node’s request to another site hence improving availability to various users of a multi-campus university library.On the other hand, improved reliability is also achieved because data may be replicated so that it exists in more than one site, similarly, the failure of a node or a communication link does not necessarily make the data inaccessible to various users of a multi-campus university library. Last but not the least, in a multi-campus library setup, data can physically reside nearest to where it is most often accessed, thus providing users with local control of the data that they interact with. This results in local autonomy of the data allowing users to enforce locally the policies regarding access to and or manipulation of their database management system (DBMS).CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, database management systems (DBMS) have continued to make data arrangement, storage, access and retrieval much easier than it used to be in the olden days. With the emergency of the relational model of database management systems (which is a software that is used to create and use a relational database-which in turn is a database that conforms to the relational model, and refers to a database’s data and schema), much of the  big challenge associated with handling large and complex databases has been reduced. With the continued and advances in research, it is highly expectant that more and advanced database management products will be availed on the market to improve on the existing ones hence further minimizing the challenges of running a complex database management system.